La opinión pública latinoamericana frente a la integración regional (1995–2018)

Autores/as

Resumen

La literatura sobre la oposición a la integración regional se ha centrado en la Unión Europea (UE). Muy pocos han sido los intentos para explicar la oposición a la integración en América Latina o para identificar los factores que la influyen. Este estudio está basado en encuestas Latinobarómetro, y produce dos hallazgos principales. Confirma que la oposición a la integración regional no es una actitud generalizada entre los latinoamericanos. Y la forma en que los ciudadanos de América Latina evalúan la integración regional está fuertemente influenciada por los mismos predictores que en la UE. Las evaluaciones de los ciudadanos sobre el desempeño económico, tanto a nivel individual como nacional, gozan de una preponderancia para dar cuenta de la opinión relativa al regionalismo. Otras variables, como la edad, la posición ideológica y el nivel de educación, tienen un valor explicativo más limitado, mientras que la ocupación no es significativa. De esta manera, las variables económicas, como la percepción de los ciudadanos sobre su economía nacional e individual, han demostrado estar directamente vinculadas al apoyo/oposición a la integración económica.

Palabras clave:

Integración regional, Opinión pública, Oposición, América Latina

Biografía del autor/a

María Victoria Alvarez, Universidad Nacional de Rosario

PhD in International Relations (National University of Rosario, Argentina, UNR); Master’s degree in Integration and International Cooperation (UNR Argentina and K.U.Leuven University, Belgium); and postgraduate degree in European Union Law and European Economic Studies (Paris I Panthéon – Sorbonne, France). Associate Professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations (DPScIR) – UNR.

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