The fourth Industrial Revolution intensifies labor precarization, exponentially increasing burnout syndrome cases. This article analyzes employer civil liability for burnout as biological damage—specifically, harm to relational life—under Brazilian law. Using a deductive, bibliographic, and jurisprudential method, it explores the Italian origin of biological damage, its reception in Portuguese law, and emerging application in Brazil. The Superior Court of Justice treats such damage mainly as non-pecuniary, whereas the Superior Labor Court consistently recognizes employer liability for occupational diseases. Debate persists over whether liability is objective or subjective, and on the effect of concurrent causes. The conclusion is that the presence of concurrent causes generally does not preclude the duty to compensate, although it affects damage quantification.